May 4, 1952. Running time: 31:54. Thurman introduces the idea of the "personality-schema" which is a person’s self-concept, self-image. Failure is a form of pain which damages the personality-schema by preventing the person from realizing her self-concept. Failure is also a form of pain which remains dormant until the individual reaches the pinnacle of her self-concept. Thurman finally considers how failure is also a form of success.